BIO580 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Syllabus Fall 2009

A. General information

Infection is a conflict between a host and a microorganism with two possible outcomes, resistance or disease, dependent on interactions between the infectious agent and the host’s immune response. Medical microbiology, therefore, is a discipline that includes the study of the microorganisms, the host immune system, and interactions between the two. Although bacteria and viruses are the most numerous and most important pathogens and are emphasized in this course in lecture and clinical case studies, fungi and protozoa are also included. The goal of this course is to provide a foundation of concepts in host-microbe interactions that will allow students to understand the diseases facing humans today and be prepared for the diseases coming tomorrow.

Medical Microbiology is an advanced course and will be taught at a rigorous level. Most of the students who take this course are interested in pursuing a career in health related fields or are graduate students in microbiology and are ready for a course that requires synthesis, integration, and application.

 

B. Course logistics.

Lectures meet Mon. and Wed from 1:00-1:50 pm in BR 201. Laboratories meet Mon. and Wed from 2:00-3:50 and 4:00-5:50 pm in BR 129. There will be some Tues., especially during the clinical case portion of the course, when the student or their lab/group partner(s) will need to check laboratory test results.

 

Course instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Alm

 

Office hours:Office hours will be posted on Blackboard. Dr. Alm will have a sign-up sheet outside Brooks 157.

 

E-mail: alm1ew@cmich.edu (Note: this is the easiest way to reach me). Important: If you have a BIO580 question, put "BIO580" as the beginning of the subject line of your e-mail message. I get about 100 e-mail a day, much junk that I trash in batches. If you fail to include this header I may accidentally trash your e-mail.

Example:

To: Elizabeth.W.Alm <alm1ew@cmich.edu>

From: Susan B. Student <stude1sb@cmich.edu> Subject: BIO580: questions on today’s lecture

 

Prerequisites: BIO 208 (General Microbiology) and BIO 392 (Mammalian Physiology). BIO 324 (Cell Biology) is also recommended.

 

C. Required materials

Textbook: Mims, Playfair, Roitt, Wakelin, and Williams. Medical Microbiology 3rd or 4th Ed., Mosby Europe Limited, Chicago. Lab Manual: Alm (2009) Laboratory Manual of Diagnostic Microbiology. Course Pak.

Access to the World Wide Web, Blackboard, and an E-mail account. I will be posting many class materials on Blackboard, and expect every student to check for announcements/assignments a couple times a week. I can be reached more easily by e-mail than by any other method, and will reply to any concern or question you raise if you reach me by e-mail.  Finally, there is a Medical Microbiology group on Facebook, which you may join.  This is totally optional, but I hope you will use it as an additional resource during this semester and as a means to connect with professional alumni.

 

D. Laboratory

All organisms handled in the laboratory have the potential to cause illness, especially in compromised individuals (about half of the organisms are classified as Biological Safety Level 2). Compromising conditions include cancer, chemotherapy, diabetes, HIV positivity, open wounds, pregnancy, steroid use, etc. See me if you have concerns about your safety in laboratory. All inquiries will be confidential.

 


E. Clinical Cases

Three important skills in medical microbiology are problem-solving, interacting with other professionals, and oral and written communication skills. Development of these skills is also an objective in this course. Written communication skills will be developed throughout the semester in essay exam questions. The other skills will be emphasized in the second half of the semester. For the first half of the semester, both the lecture and laboratory will emphasize basic concepts and skills and will operate fairly independent of one another. After the Midterm exam, the labs and lectures will be integrated by way of clinical cases. Case study groups will consist of 4-5 students. Clinical cases will be handed out to each group in lecture at the beginning of the week. Some cases will be accompanied by a clinical sample that you will receive and work with in the laboratory. At least some members of the group will need to come in at times other than scheduled lab times to continue identification of the unknown. Case reports will be collected and graded. One report for the group will be turned in and all members of the group will receive the same grade.

 

F. Reading assignments

Reading assignments in the text are listed on the tentative lecture schedule. Readings and lectures will complement each other — I cannot cover every detail in lecture, and will expect you to obtain certain information from reading the text rather than from lecture. Don't fall behind! Try to read the assignment before each class, but at the very latest read it on the same day as the class.

 

G. Grades

Quizzes and Tests: 10-15 point quizzes may consist of a mixture of material from lectures and laboratories. Tests may include a mixture of different types of questions, such as short-answer, multiple-choice, true-false, and/or short essay. There will be a Midterm laboratory practical; a makeup will not be possible for this test under any circumstances.

 

Final Exam: The final exam is comprehensive. Note University policy on scheduling of final exams: "Students scheduled for more than three examinations on the same day may arrange to have the examination in excess of three [that means the 4th one] rescheduled for another time during the examination week." Therefore, I do not anticipate rescheduling a final for anyone.

 

Grading:

 

Undergraduates

Graduates

Quizzes

10%    

8%

Lecture Test One         

15%                

13%

Lecture Test Two        

15%

13%

Lab Practical

15%

13%

Case Reports

25%

23%

Final Comprehensive Exam

20%

18%

Additional Required Elements

 

12%

 

Grading Scale:

94+ = A

80-83.9 = B-

90-93.9 = A-

77-79.9 = C+

87-89.9 = B+  

74-76.9 = C

84-86.9 = B

70-73.9 = C-

 


H. Students requiring accommodations

CMU provides students with disabilities reasonable accommodation to participate in educational programs, activities or services. Students with disabilities requiring accommodation to participate in class activities or meet course requirements should first register with the office of Student Disability Services (250 Foust Hall, telephone #989-774-3018, TDD #2568), and then contact me as soon as possible.

 

I. Makeup policy

Makeup exams are available only to students who have a legitimate excuse for missing an exam, such as personal illness or injury, sanctioned athletic team event out of town, or death in the immediate family. If you know in advance that you must miss an exam, see me in advance and bring documentation to support your anticipated absence. If you miss an exam unexpectedly because of last-minute illness or accident, contact me when you return to campus (or by e-mail or phone if you will be away for some time) with documentation of your situation. Make-ups for the final exam will be scheduled for Friday of exam week.

 

J. Extra credit

Students wishing to make up for poorer than expected exams may write essays for a maximum addition of 10 points to the total course points.

 

Essays - You may write up to three short (2-3 pages, double-spaced) essays on Medical Micro related topics during the semester. All essays are due 2 weeks prior to the final exam. Each essay submitted will earn up to 5 points added to the total course points, as follows:

·        5 points - good work, appropriate references,

·        2-4 points - basically acceptable content but marred by mechanical problems such as incorrect spelling or grammar, or lack of clarity in explaining the topic, lack of or inappropriate references,

·        0 points - unacceptable or plagiarized.

**Any evidence of plagiarism will result in zero points for all students involved and denial of any extra credit points otherwise earned in the course. Essays should integrate at least two articles from the primary literature, not textbooks or internet sources.

 


K. How to succeed in this course

As you proceed upward in course level difficulty from 100 to 200 to 300, and so on, you need to develop greater responsibility for your own learning. The ultimate goal of college is to develop independent learners and critical thinkers. Therefore, you will find that less structured learning assistance is provided for you in this course. This does not mean that I am not still happy to help you with any material during my office hours.

 

In order to succeed in this course you should plan to attend all lectures, allow ample time to read and study assigned material and turn assignments in on time. You will get more out of lectures if you read (or at least skim) the assigned readings before lecture and then reread relevant material carefully soon after lecture.

 

You should plan on spending a minimum of two hours of study time for each hour of lecture. This is standard academic advice you will find in any book on how to study. This is a minimum requirement for most students to perform satisfactorily (B level). If you desire an "A", you will probably need to put in more time than this minimum recommendation. If you begin to fall behind, make every effort to catch up quickly, otherwise you may find yourself swamped with too much material to assimilate before a test. Tips for scheduling your time.

 

Many of you will find attending lectures and reading the text is all the support you will need to do well in the course. Some of you may have problems with some of the material. I offer several forms of assistance to help you with difficulties you may experience in this course.

1.      I will be happy to repeat information and/or answer questions during lecture, please do not hesitate to ask me to do so. Also feel free to e-mail questions to me at any time.

2.      The textbook provides concept guides throughout the chapter as well as chapter end questions. The questions in the chapter should help guide your reading. If you can't answer the questions, then you should re-read that section more closely. Use the chapter end questions to practice writing essays over the material.

3.      A web page, linked to Blackboard, is available for this course: http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/alm1ew/medimicro.html. This web page will contain links to additional internet resources.

4.      There is an extra credit possibility in this course. See J. above for more information.

5.      I am available for individual consultation regarding any aspect of the course. If you have unanswered questions or concerns, or are in serious academic trouble, see me! I will provide whatever assistance I can to help you do well in this course; however, ultimately the grade you earn is your responsibility.

 

L. Recommended and optional material

Your grade will be based on how well you master the required elements listed above. In addition to required elements that all students must undertake, this course will provide recommended and optional elements. Recommended reading material marked FYI will be provided for students who are interested in exploring a particular topic in a little more detail. Optional material will be provided upon request for students with further interest or aptitude in medical microbiology or in particular topics. Undertaking recommended and optional material will not add to or subtract from your grade. This is purely a means for students to take the subject of medical microbiology as far as they are interested. If you have ideas about optional material, please feel free to come see me.


Tentative schedule - any schedule changes will be posted on the course web site

DATE

LECTURE TOPIC

READING

LABORATORY TOPIC

M

Aug 24

 

Course introduction; Dynamics of infectious disease – CC 1

 

Ch.1

DIAGNOSTIC PRINCIPLES

Lab 1 - Gram stain and streak plate isolation

W

Aug 26

UNIT 1 - THE PLAYERS

Part A - Review of the microbes

Viruses and bacteria - CC 2 available online.

 

 

Ch. 2, 3

 

Lab 2 - Colony morphology

Lab 3 - Initial grouping of clinical isolates

M

Aug 31

Eucaryotic microbial pathogens and normal microbiota

Ch.4 - 8

Lab 4 - Identification of Gram-positive cocci

W

Sep 2

Part B - Host defenses

Nonspecific host defenses against microbial invaders – CC 3 available online.

 

Ch 9

 

GPC continued

M Sep 7

Labor Day - No Class

 

 

W Sep 9

Nonspecific defenses continued

 

QUIZ 1 – Practical Labs 1-4

M

Sep 14

Specific host defenses against microbial invaders – CC 4 available online

Ch.10, 11

Lab 5 - Identification of Enterobacteriaceae

T Sep 15

 

 

Read KIA results from Lab 5

W

Sep 16

Specific defenses continued

 

Enterobacteriaceae continued

M

Sep 21

No Lecture

 

TEST ONE - UNIT ONE

W

Sep 23

UNIT 2 - HOST AND PATHOGEN CONFLICTS

How are pathogens acquired and transmitted?

 

Ch.12, 13

Lab 6 –Identification of Oxidase-positive, Gram-negative Rods

M

Sep 28

Acquisition and transmission continued - CC 5 available online

Ch.14, 15

Lab 7 - Identification of Gram-negative cocci Lab 8 - Identification of Gram-positive Rods

W

Sep 30

How do pathogens escape nonspecific host defenses?

 

QUIZ 2 – Practical Labs 5-8

Lab 9 - Introduction to Anaerobes

M

Oct 5

How do pathogens escape specific host defenses? - CC 6 available online.

 

Ch 16

Anaerobes continued AND Bacterial Unknown assigned to Grad students

W

Oct 7

What are the pathological consequences of infection?

Ch.17

Lab 10 - Intro to yeast

Lab 11 - Intro to Molds

M

Oct 12

Pathological consequences continued

Grads - Unknown Report due 1pm

 

Yeast continued

Open lab to review for practical

W

Oct 14

No Lecture

 

LABORATORY PRACTICAL EXAM

Laboratories 1 through 11

M

Oct 19

No Lecture

 

 

TEST TWO - UNIT TWO

Comprehensive with an emphasis on Unit 2

 

W

Oct 21

UNIT 3 - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF INFECTION

Intro to Clinical Case Problem-Solving; how to work through a case

 

 

 

 

Introduction continued

M

Oct 26

Respiratory System; Case 1 assigned

 

Lab 12 - Clinical specimen received

T-F

Work on solving case; no W lecture

 

Work on solving cases

M

Nov 2

Clinical Case 1 due 1 pm

QUIZ 3 -RTI

Urinary Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections; Case 2 assigned

 

 

 

 

 

Lab 13 - Clinical specimen received

T-F

Work on solving case; no W  lecture

 

Work on solving cases

M

Nov 9

Clinical Case 2 due 1 pm

QUIZ 4 –UTI and STI

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections; Case 3 assigned

 

 

 

 

 

Lab 14 - Clinical specimen received

T-F

Work on solving case; no W lecture

 

Work on solving cases

M

Nov 16

Clinical Case 3 due 1 pm

QUIZ 5 – GI

Nervous System Infections; Case 4 assigned

 

 

 

 

 

Lab 15 - Clinical specimen received

T-F

Work on solving case; no W lecture

 

Work on solving case

M

Nov 23

Clinical Case 4 due 1 pm

QUIZ 6 - Nervous

Infections of the skin and wounds; Case 5 assigned

 

 

 

 

 

Lab 16 - Clinical specimen received

T-W

Work on solving case; no W lecture

 

Work on solving case - the University does not close for Thanksgiving recess until 5pm Wed.

R Nov 26

Thanksgiving

 

 

M Nov 30

QUIZ 7 – SKIN

Antimicrobial action

 

 

 

Lab 17 – Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

T Dec 1

 

 

Check lab results

W Dec 2

Clinical Case 5 due 1 pm

Antimicrobial action continued

 

Complete course material

W

Dec 9

FINAL EXAM

Comprehensive with an emphasis on Units 3 and 4

BR 201 12:00-1:50 pm