ENV 101 - Introduction to Environmental Studies - spring 2001
Study Guide -- Test # 3
The test is scheduled for Wednesday April 3, during class time. Bring a #2 pencil.
Dr. Shively's portion of the test (~33 pts) will consist of short-answer questions (like last test).
Dr. Kurtz's portion of the test (~67 pts) will consist of multiple-choice and essay questions.
If you have questions about the subject matter covered in this portion of the course, see Dr. Shively or Dr. Kurtz.
Dr. Shively's portion of the test ...
1. Human Populaton
Approximately how many people are on the planet today?
What are the important events and factors that have led to this population level?
What are the factors that have worked to produce the current spatial distribution of human population on Earth?
What is Physiologic Density of Population?
How does one calculate the Rate of Natural Increase of population, the Annual Rate of Population Increase, and the population doubling time?
What is the Demographic Transition Model (what does it represent) and how do rates of birth, death, and population growth change through the model?
How can we evaluate the future potential for population growth – do we just assume continuation of recent trends?
What is the Total Fertility Rate?
What is Replacement Level Fertility and how does it vary in the developed and developing worlds?
What is Population Momentum and how does it relate to Replacement Level Fertility?
What is the consensus opinion on how to effectively control population growth in the developing world?
2. Land Use Planning
– See web-based lecture notes and graphics: http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/shive1dd/courses/geo120/michiganlanduse.htm
What is a “taking” in the context of the management of natural resources and land use?
What is the expectation for the impact of population growth in different regions of Michigan on rates of development (i.e., new housing and urban construction) and loss of farmlands?
Where will “second home” construction have the greatest impacts on Michigan in the future? In terms of processes, what effects will this have on the surrounding landscapes when cycles of infrastructure, investment in the built environment, and transportation are considered? In general terms, will second home development have a snowball or cascade effect in regard to these factors and how?
What are some of the choices we can make with regard to where and how we live that can reduce pressure to develop agricultural and natural landscapes and to create sustainable urban places or landscapes?
How can comprehensive or ecological planning lead to the establishment of more ecologically sustainable communities? What is the process and what does it involve?
Dr. Kurtz's portion of the test ...
Draw upon notes and lecture materials to familiarize yourself with the following terms and concepts.
1. Know arguments concerning why individual self interest fails to sufficiently protect the environment and the need for government intervention
2. Distinguish between the compliance mechanisms found in command and control, incentives and use of market strategies. Role/limits of technology in meeting policy goals
3. Know what cost benefit analysis is, and positive/negative attributes of using it i.e., putting a value on non-market goods
4. Distinguish between concepts of economic sustainability, ecological sustainability. Arguments of jobs vs. environmental protection. Differences between externalities (public bads) and internalizing costs
5. What are the environmental costs/opportunity costs of uncontrolled economic expansion. Economic segregation–who pays the costs of uncontrolled growth/sprawl and who gets left behind. Trade offs and costs factors of uncontrolled growth and sprawl vs. growth control
6. Methods of sprawl control and how they are utilized i.e.: planned communities, new urbanism, mass transit, zoning, clustering, urban revitalization
7. General familiarity with the cast of players in the environmental arena and their roles i.e.: business groups, environmental groups, government agencies, Congress, President, states/communities
8. Matching public policy goals with technology–is technology up to the challenge.
9. Environment v. economic growth: the zero sum game mentality, how can we develop win-win scenarios i.e.: use of market incentives, cost/benefit analysis
10. Public Lands policy: know basic features of conservation, preservation, uncontrolled exploitation. What does each of these perspectives say about how we manage public lands? Solutions to public lands management policy confrontations: privatization, devolution, prioritization, sustainability. Use of win-win collaborative policy making and planning to satisfy all potential participants.